Exchange rate fluctuations are usually caused by actual monetary flows as well as by expectations of changes in monetary flows caused by changes in GDP growth, inflation, interest rates, budget and trade deficits or surpluses, large cross-border M&A deals and other macroeconomic conditions.

The medium and longrange investor would use the weekly or monthly charts.

There are seven different types of moving averages: simple (arithmetic), exponential, time series, weighed, triangular, variable, volume adjusted.